{"id":381,"date":"2026-11-07T17:20:50","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T08:20:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-patent-appeal-against-final-rejection\/"},"modified":"2026-11-07T17:24:32","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T08:24:32","slug":"japan-patent-appeal-against-final-rejection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-patent-appeal-against-final-rejection\/","title":{"rendered":"Appeal Against a Final Rejection of a Japanese Patent Application: Deadline, Amendments, Fees and Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">&#8220;The Japan Patent Office has issued a final rejection. Is it over?&#8221; &#8220;How long do we have to decide \u2014 counted from when?&#8221; &#8220;Can we still amend the claims, and how much will the JPO charge?&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">A decision of refusal (<em>kyozetsu satei<\/em>) closes the examination stage in Japan, but it does not have to be the end of your application. You can request an <strong>appeal against the examiner&#8217;s decision of refusal<\/strong> (<em>kyozetsu satei fufuku shinpan<\/em>), and in many cases the patent is granted at that stage. In this article, Japanese Patent Attorney Toru Kano of BrandAgent explains the deadline for overseas applicants, what you can and cannot amend, how the examiner&#8217;s reconsideration before appeal works, the official fee, and practical ways to improve your chances.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">*Information as of November 2026, based on the JPO&#8217;s published guidance. Check the latest information on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpo.go.jp\/e\/system\/trial_appeal\/document\/faq\/01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JPO&#8217;s Q&amp;A on appeals against decisions of refusal<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox st-mybox-class\" style=\"margin: 18px 0; padding: 16px; border: 2px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 10px; background: #fafafa;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>What you will learn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 18px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Your options after a decision of refusal in Japan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal deadline \u2014 and the automatic extension for overseas applicants<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What amendments are allowed with the appeal request<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Reconsideration by the examiner before appeal (<em>zenchi shinsa<\/em>)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The JPO appeal fee, timing and practical tips<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Foreign applicants act through a Japanese patent attorney<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An applicant with no domicile or business office in Japan cannot file an appeal or amendments with the JPO directly. All procedures must go through a representative in Japan \u2014 in practice a licensed Japanese patent attorney (<em>Benrishi<\/em>). If your current Japanese representative is unavailable or you want a second opinion, you can appoint a new one for the appeal stage. At BrandAgent, every case is handled personally by the patent attorney, and we communicate in English and Chinese. Payment can be made by PayPal (in JPY) or bank transfer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What a decision of refusal means<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Before refusing an application, the examiner sends one or more Notices of Reasons for Refusal (Office Actions). If your response does not overcome the reasons, the examiner issues a <strong>decision of refusal<\/strong>. At that point you have three realistic options:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Request an appeal<\/strong> (with or without amendments) and have the case reviewed by a panel of administrative judges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>File a divisional application<\/strong> to keep part of the subject matter pending \u2014 alone or together with the appeal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Let the refusal become final<\/strong>, for example if the product is no longer important in Japan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal is not a &#8220;new trial&#8221; in a court. It is an administrative procedure inside the JPO, conducted by a panel of three or five administrative judges of the Trial and Appeal Department. The JPO reports that, for patents, the share of appeal decisions granting a patent reached 78.2% in 2024 (this figure excludes cases granted earlier on reconsideration by the examiner). That does not mean your case will succeed, but it shows that an appeal is a serious option, not a formality.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Deadline: 3 months \u2014 4 months for overseas applicants<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An appeal must be requested <strong>within 3 months from the date the certified copy of the decision of refusal was served<\/strong> (Patent Act, Article 121(1)). For applicants residing overseas, the JPO extends this period <strong>by 1 month automatically<\/strong>, so the period becomes <strong>4 months<\/strong>. According to the JPO&#8217;s Q&amp;A, no request is needed for this extension, and other requests to extend the appeal period are not approved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Two practical points for overseas companies:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The clock starts when the decision is served on your Japanese representative \u2014 not when your in-house team or your home-country agent receives the forwarding email. Ask your representative for the exact deadline in writing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Any amendment of the claims must be filed <strong>at the same time<\/strong> as the appeal request (see below). That means the technical decision on the new claims must be made within the same 4 months \u2014 including review by inventors and your home-country agent, and translation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Action<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Time limit (patents)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Appeal against the decision of refusal<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">3 months from service of the decision; 4 months for overseas residents (automatic 1-month extension)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Amendment of description\/claims\/drawings<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Only at the same time as the appeal request<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Divisional application<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Within 3 months from service of the first decision of refusal, whether or not you appeal (the period may be extended in certain cases under Article 44(5)\u2013(7))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Court action against an appeal decision<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">30 days from service of the appeal decision (IP High Court); an additional period of 90 days is set for overseas residents<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Amendments at the appeal stage<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Most successful appeals involve some amendment of the claims. In Japan, the rules are strict.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Timing: &#8220;at the same time&#8221;, not &#8220;on the same day&#8221;<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">For patents, the amendment must be filed at the same time as the appeal request. The JPO&#8217;s Q&amp;A explains that an amendment filed separately \u2014 even on the same day \u2014 is dismissed, and the appeal then proceeds on the claims before amendment. You cannot file the appeal first to &#8220;stop the clock&#8221; and send the amended claims later.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What you can amend<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Amendments filed with the appeal request are subject to the same limits as amendments after a final Notice of Reasons for Refusal:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Limits on amendments filed with the appeal<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>No new matter:<\/strong> the amendment must stay within what was described in the description, claims and drawings as originally filed (Article 17-2(3)).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>No change of the special technical feature:<\/strong> you cannot switch to a different invention that lacks unity with the invention already examined (Article 17-2(4)).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Limited purposes (Article 17-2(5)):<\/strong> only (1) deletion of claims, (2) restriction of claims, (3) correction of errors, or (4) clarification of ambiguous statements pointed out in the reasons for refusal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Independent patentability:<\/strong> where a claim is restricted, the restricted claim must itself be patentable when the amendment is made (Article 17-2(6)).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">&#8220;Restriction of claims&#8221; has a narrow meaning in Japan. According to the JPO&#8217;s Examination Guidelines, it means narrowing a feature that already appears in the claim \u2014 for example, replacing it with a narrower concept or deleting some alternatives \u2014 while the field of industrial application and the problem to be solved remain the same. Adding an unrelated feature from the description, or restoring a broader scope you gave up earlier, is generally not accepted. Deleting a whole claim is allowed, but deleting a feature from a claim to make it broader is not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An amendment that breaks these rules can be dismissed, and the appeal is then examined on the earlier claims, which were already refused. Drafting the amended claims is therefore the most important part of the appeal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Reconsideration by the examiner before appeal (<em>zenchi shinsa<\/em>)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If you amend the description, claims or drawings together with the appeal request, the case first goes back to an examiner for <strong>reconsideration before appeal<\/strong> (Article 162). The examiner reviews the amended application and either grants the patent or, if the refusal cannot be overcome, reports the result to the Commissioner. Only then does the panel of administrative judges start the appeal proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">During reconsideration, the examiner may not dismiss the amendment except when granting a patent (Article 164(2)).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If you would like an interview with the examiner at this stage, the JPO recommends submitting a written request as early as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If you appeal <strong>without<\/strong> amendment, there is no reconsideration; the case goes straight to the panel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Reconsideration is a real opportunity: a well-amended claim set that clearly answers the examiner&#8217;s objections may be granted without full appeal proceedings.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Official fee<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The JPO fee for an appeal against a decision of refusal of a patent application is <strong>JPY 49,500 + JPY 5,500 per claim<\/strong> (JPO fee table as of 1 April 2026). The number of claims is counted <strong>after<\/strong> the amendment filed with the appeal. For example, with 8 claims after amendment the fee is 49,500 + 5,500 \u00d7 8 = JPY 93,500.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If the amendment increases the number of claims beyond the number covered by the examination request fee already paid, the difference in the examination request fee must also be paid. (Increasing claims at this stage is usually problematic anyway.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal fee is not refunded just because the amendment is dismissed and the appeal is withdrawn.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Attorney fees depend on the case \u2014 ask us for a free quote.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How long does an appeal take?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">According to the JPO&#8217;s Status Report 2026, the average pendency of appeals against decisions of refusal for patents and utility models was <strong>15.1 months in 2025<\/strong>. If the application meets the JPO&#8217;s requirements, you can request <strong>accelerated appeal examination<\/strong>; the reported average pendency for accelerated appeal cases in 2025 was 3.7 months for patents. Note that accelerated examination granted at the examination stage does not carry over automatically \u2014 a separate request is needed at the appeal stage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">During the appeal, the panel may issue a new Notice of Reasons for Refusal (for example, citing new prior art). You will then have another chance to argue and, within the applicable limits, to amend.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Divisional application: an alternative or a complement<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Within 3 months from service of the first decision of refusal, you can file a divisional application whether or not you request an appeal (for parent applications filed on or after 1 April 2007). This is useful when:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">you want to pursue narrow claims quickly in the appeal while keeping broader or different embodiments pending in a divisional;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">the amendment rules at appeal are too restrictive for the claim scope you need.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">A divisional must still meet the substantive requirements for division, and claims that are essentially the same as the refused claims will face the same objections. Plan the appeal and the divisional together.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Tips to improve your chances<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Read the decision, not just the conclusion.<\/strong> Identify exactly which reasons remain (novelty, inventive step, clarity, support) and which claims they apply to.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Use what other offices allowed.<\/strong> If China, the US or Europe granted narrower claims, consider whether a corresponding restriction is possible under Japan&#8217;s rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Argue the technical effect.<\/strong> Japanese inventive-step arguments are stronger when you explain a concrete advantageous effect supported by the description (and, where relevant, data).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Check the Japanese text.<\/strong> For applications based on a translation, verify that your amended wording is supported by the Japanese text on file.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Start early.<\/strong> Even with 4 months, inventor review, internal approval and translation take time. Send us the decision and your instructions as early as possible.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#ffebee;border-color:#ef9a9a;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#ef5350;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Common mistakes<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Counting the deadline from the date your home-country agent forwarded the decision.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Filing the appeal first and planning to &#8220;send the claims later&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Adding features from the description that do not narrow an existing claim feature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Re-arguing the same points without addressing the examiner&#8217;s reasoning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Forgetting the divisional option until the 3-month window has passed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">FAQ<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we extend the 4-month appeal deadline?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. No. Overseas residents automatically receive 4 months (3 months + 1 month), but further extension requests are not approved according to the JPO&#8217;s Q&amp;A.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we file the appeal now and amend the claims next month?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. No. For patents, the amendment must be filed at the same time as the appeal request; a later amendment is dismissed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. What is the JPO fee?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. JPY 49,500 plus JPY 5,500 per claim, counted after the amendment filed with the appeal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. What if the appeal is rejected?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. You can bring an action before the IP High Court within 30 days from service of the appeal decision; an additional period of 90 days applies to overseas residents.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can you take over a case from another Japanese firm?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Yes. We can review the file, advise on the appeal and act as your new representative. We work in English and Chinese.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Key points<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal period is 3 months from service of the decision of refusal \u2014 4 months for overseas residents, with no further extension.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Claim amendments must be filed at the same time as the appeal and are limited to deletion, restriction, error correction and clarification.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">With an amendment, the examiner reconsiders the case first and may grant the patent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The JPO fee is JPY 49,500 + JPY 5,500 per claim.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">A divisional application within 3 months can complement the appeal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f0f7ff; border: 2px solid #0066cc; padding: 20px; margin: 24px 0; border-radius: 6px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Received a final rejection in Japan?<\/strong><br \/>\nSend us the decision of refusal and your current claims \u2014 we will check the deadline, assess whether an appeal or a divisional application makes sense, and reply with a quote, free of charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">BrandAgent Patent Office (Kyoto, Japan)<br \/>\nToru Kano, Japanese Patent Attorney<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"color: #0066cc; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Free consultation \u2014 visit BrandAgent&#8217;s English site<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Appealing a final rejection of a Japanese patent application: the 4-month deadline for overseas applicants, amendment limits, reconsideration and JPO fees.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patents"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - 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