{"id":373,"date":"2026-11-07T17:20:47","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T08:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-trademark-appeal-against-refusal\/"},"modified":"2026-11-07T17:24:02","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T08:24:02","slug":"japan-trademark-appeal-against-refusal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-trademark-appeal-against-refusal\/","title":{"rendered":"Japanese Trademark Finally Refused? Appeal Against Refusal in Japan: Deadline, Fees and Options (2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">&#8220;We answered the office action, but the Japan Patent Office has now issued a final decision of refusal. Is it over?&#8221; &#8220;Our local agent forwarded the refusal weeks after it was issued \u2014 how much time is left?&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">For overseas brand owners, a final refusal in Japan often arrives at the worst moment: products are already on Amazon.co.jp, a distributor is waiting for the registration certificate, and the paperwork is in Japanese. The good news is that a decision of refusal is not necessarily the end. Japan offers an appeal against the decision of refusal, and there are several other routes that can still lead to a registration \u2014 or at least to protection for the most important goods.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">In this article, Japanese Patent Attorney Toru Kano of BrandAgent explains what to do after a final refusal of a Japanese trademark application: the deadline, the official fees, what can still be amended, and when a divisional application, a consent or a fresh filing is the better choice.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox st-mybox-class\" style=\"margin: 18px 0; padding: 16px; border: 2px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 10px; background: #fafafa;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>What you will learn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 18px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The difference between a notice of reasons for refusal and a final decision of refusal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The 3-month appeal deadline \u2014 and why overseas applicants get no extra time<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Official appeal fees and how to reduce them<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What you can still amend, and when to divide the application<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Alternatives: consent, non-use cancellation, a fresh application<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How refusals of Madrid designations of Japan are handled<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Office action vs. final refusal: know which document you have<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">In Japan, the examiner first sends a <strong>notice of reasons for refusal<\/strong> (<em>kyozetsu riyu tsuchi<\/em>). You can respond with arguments and amendments. If the examiner is still not satisfied \u2014 or if no response was filed \u2014 the JPO issues a <strong>decision of refusal<\/strong> (<em>kyozetsu satei<\/em>). This is the final decision at the examination stage. From here, the only way to continue the same application is to request an <strong>appeal against the decision of refusal<\/strong> (<em>kyozetsu satei fufuku shinpan<\/em>), which is examined by a panel of appeal examiners at the JPO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An applicant without a domicile or business office in Japan must handle the appeal through a representative in Japan \u2014 in practice a Japanese patent attorney (<em>Benrishi<\/em>). If you used another firm for the original filing, you can switch to a new attorney for the appeal; a new power of attorney is all that is needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The deadline: 3 months from service \u2014 with no extra time for overseas applicants<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Under Article 44 of the Trademark Act, an appeal must be requested <strong>within 3 months from the date the certified copy of the decision of refusal was served<\/strong>. According to the JPO Appeals Handbook, this period is 3 months for both Japanese residents and applicants abroad. Unlike patent appeals, where overseas applicants receive an automatic one-month extension, there is no extension for trademark appeals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Points that cause trouble for foreign applicants:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>The clock starts in Japan.<\/strong> It runs from service on your Japanese representative, not from the day your home-country agent forwards the document to you.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Time-zone and holiday delays add up.<\/strong> If several agents are in the chain, ask for the exact service date in writing on the day you receive the refusal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>A late appeal is generally not accepted.<\/strong> Treat the 3-month date as absolute and give instructions at least 2\u20133 weeks before it.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The full period list is in the JPO Appeals Handbook (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpo.go.jp\/system\/trial_appeal\/document\/sinpan-binran\/25-01_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jpo.go.jp<\/a>, Japanese).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Official fees for an appeal<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The official JPO fee for requesting a trademark appeal is <strong>JPY 15,000 + JPY 40,000 per class<\/strong> (see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jpo.go.jp\/system\/process\/tesuryo\/hyou.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JPO fee table<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Classes appealed<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Official appeal fee (JPY)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Registration fee if successful, 10 years (JPY)<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>1 class<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">55,000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">32,900<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>2 classes<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">95,000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">65,800<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>3 classes<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">135,000<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">98,700<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">*Official fees only. Attorney fees are separate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The fee depends on the number of classes in the appeal. If the refusal only affects one class of a multi-class application, the JPO FAQ explains that you can file an amendment reducing the classes <strong>on the same day<\/strong> as the appeal request, and pay the appeal fee for the reduced number of classes. Deleting the class you do not need can therefore save JPY 40,000 per class.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What can you still amend at the appeal stage?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">While the appeal is pending, you can still amend the designated goods and services to overcome the refusal. The JPO Trademark Examination Guidelines draw a clear line:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Allowed:<\/strong> deleting or narrowing goods\/services, correcting clerical errors, and clarifying unclear wording. A general term can also be replaced by specific items that fall within it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Not allowed:<\/strong> changing the mark itself (adding or deleting words or figures, changing colours), or changing or broadening the goods \u2014 even to similar goods. These are treated as a &#8220;change of gist&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">In practice, many refusals based on an earlier similar mark (Article 4(1)(xi)) only concern part of the specification. Deleting the overlapping goods can remove the ground of refusal entirely. If you want a different version of the mark, that requires a new application.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Divisional application: save the goods that were not a problem<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Sometimes you do not want to give up the refused goods, but you need a registration for the rest quickly \u2014 for example, for a marketplace brand program. A <strong>divisional application<\/strong> (Article 10) splits the application into two or more applications, each keeping the original filing date.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Under Article 10, division is possible while the application is pending in examination, appeal or retrial (or while a court action against a refusal decision is pending). After a final decision of refusal, the application is no longer in examination, so in practice the division is made <strong>together with, or after, the appeal request<\/strong>. A typical approach:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Request the appeal, and divide the application so that the problem goods stay in one application.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Delete the problem goods from the other application so that it can be registered without them.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Continue arguing for the problem goods in the remaining appeal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Each divisional application is a separate application with its own official fees, so check whether the cost is justified compared with simply deleting goods. Note that division is not available for international registrations designating Japan under the Madrid Protocol (Article 68-12).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Other routes to consider<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Consent from the earlier mark owner (applications filed on or after 1 April 2024)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Japan introduced a consent system in Article 4(4). According to the JPO, a mark that conflicts with an earlier registered mark can be registered if (1) the owner of the earlier mark consents and (2) there is no likelihood of confusion between the two marks. The revised guidelines apply to applications filed on or after 1 April 2024. A consent letter alone is not enough \u2014 the JPO also checks the risk of confusion, so the evidence and the agreement need careful drafting.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Negotiation with the earlier owner<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Where consent is not available, some applicants negotiate with the earlier owner \u2014 for example, purchasing the earlier registration or agreeing a structure in which both marks end up under common ownership. These arrangements depend entirely on the other party&#8217;s cooperation and carry their own risks, so they need to be planned case by case.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Non-use cancellation of the cited mark<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If the earlier mark has not been used in Japan, it may be vulnerable. Under Article 50, anyone can request cancellation of a registration that has not been used in Japan for 3 consecutive years by the owner or a licensee, and the owner bears the burden of proving use. If the cited mark is cancelled, the obstacle to your application disappears. An investigation of actual use in Japan is a sensible first step.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">A fresh application<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If the refusal is based on lack of distinctiveness (for example, a descriptive word), it may be more efficient to file a new application for a more distinctive version \u2014 such as the word combined with a logo \u2014 while the appeal on the original continues, or instead of it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Madrid designations of Japan<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If Japan was designated through the Madrid Protocol, the JPO first notifies a provisional refusal through WIPO. To submit arguments or amendments, a holder outside Japan must appoint a representative in Japan. According to the JPO Trademark Examination Manual, when the holder has no Japanese representative, the JPO serves its decisions directly on the holder \u2014 so a final decision of refusal may arrive by post at your head office, and the 3-month period starts from that service.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal itself works in the same way as for a national application, and the designated goods can be amended while the appeal is pending. The main difference is that division is not available for Madrid designations, so if you want a quick registration for part of the goods, deleting goods (or filing a national application in Japan) is the practical option.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">What improves the chances of success?<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Re-analyse the refusal, not just the previous response.<\/strong> Repeating the same argument rarely changes the outcome. Look for new angles: different overall impression, different pronunciation in Japan, actual trading circumstances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Bring evidence.<\/strong> For distinctiveness refusals, Japanese sales, advertising and media coverage matter more than use abroad.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Combine the appeal with a narrower specification.<\/strong> Deleting the goods you do not sell in Japan often makes the argument much stronger.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Run parallel tracks.<\/strong> A non-use cancellation or a fresh filing can progress while the appeal is pending.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If the appeal panel upholds the refusal, a court action can be filed against the appeal decision. According to the JPO Appeals Handbook, the period is 30 days from service of the decision, with an additional 90 days for applicants abroad. The action is brought before the Intellectual Property High Court.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#ffebee;border-color:#ef9a9a;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#ef5350;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Do not let the 3 months slip away<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The appeal period for trademarks is not extended for overseas applicants. Once the 3 months have passed, the application cannot be revived by an appeal, and the only option left is a new application with a new filing date \u2014 which may come after a third party&#8217;s filing. Ask your agent for the service date as soon as the refusal arrives.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How BrandAgent can help<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">We review the refusal, the cited marks and your sales plans in Japan, and recommend the most cost-effective route: appeal, appeal with amendment or division, consent, non-use cancellation or a new filing. Appeals and related procedures are quoted individually \u2014 please ask for a free quote. If a new application is the best route, our standard fees apply: <strong>JPY 25,000 per class at filing and JPY 25,000 per class at registration<\/strong> (excluding Japanese consumption tax), with a free prior search when you instruct us to file. We work in English and Chinese, and accept PayPal (in JPY) or bank transfer.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">FAQ<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we appeal if we never responded to the office action?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Yes. An appeal can be requested against the decision of refusal even if no response was filed at the examination stage, as long as it is filed within 3 months of service.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we change the logo during the appeal?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. No. Changing the mark is a change of gist and is not allowed. A modified logo needs a new application.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. We only need one class. Do we have to pay for all classes?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. No. By filing an amendment to reduce the classes on the same day as the appeal, the appeal fee is calculated on the reduced number of classes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we switch to your firm for the appeal?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Yes. We only need a power of attorney and the documents from the examination stage. We have handled more than 4,000 trademark applications, and every case is handled personally by the patent attorney.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Key points<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Appeal within 3 months from service of the decision of refusal \u2014 no extension for overseas applicants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Official fee: JPY 15,000 + JPY 40,000 per class; reduce classes on the day of the appeal to save fees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">You can delete or narrow goods during the appeal, but not change the mark.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Division (national applications only) lets unproblematic goods register first.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Also consider consent (filings from April 2024), non-use cancellation of the cited mark, or a new filing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f0f7ff; border: 2px solid #0066cc; padding: 20px; margin: 24px 0; border-radius: 6px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Received a final refusal for your Japanese trademark?<\/strong><br \/>\nSend us the decision of refusal and your filing details \u2014 we will tell you the deadline, your options and a fixed quote, free of charge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">BrandAgent Patent Office (Kyoto, Japan)<br \/>\nToru Kano, Japanese Patent Attorney<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"color: #0066cc; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en\/trademark_lp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Get a free quote for your Japanese trademark<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Final refusal of your Japanese trademark? The 3-month appeal deadline, official fees, allowed amendments, divisional filings, consent and Madrid cases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trademark"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Final refusal of your Japanese trademark? 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