{"id":254,"date":"2026-11-01T17:15:58","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T08:15:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/hague-design-japan-designation\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T16:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T07:32:50","slug":"hague-design-japan-designation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/hague-design-japan-designation\/","title":{"rendered":"Designating Japan via the Hague System vs Filing Directly: A Guide for Foreign Design Applicants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">&#8220;We are filing a Hague application anyway \u2014 should we just add Japan?&#8221; &#8220;Japan refused our international registration. What now?&#8221; &#8220;Is it cheaper to file directly in Japan?&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Designating Japan through the Hague System is easy, but Japan is an examining office with its own practices. In this article, Japanese Patent Attorney Toru Kano of BrandAgent compares designating Japan through the Hague System with filing a design application directly at the Japan Patent Office (JPO), and explains what happens to your design once it reaches Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">*Information as of November 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox st-mybox-class\" style=\"margin: 18px 0; padding: 16px; border: 2px solid #e5e7eb; border-radius: 10px; background: #fafafa;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>What you will learn<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 18px;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How the Hague System works and how Japan participates<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Hague designation vs direct filing in Japan: a side-by-side comparison<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How the JPO examines a Hague designation and the 12-month refusal period<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Responding to a Japanese refusal through a Japanese patent attorney<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Priority, priority documents and cost planning<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The Hague System in brief<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">The Hague System lets you file one international design application with WIPO&#8217;s International Bureau and designate multiple member countries and regions. Japan joined (Geneva Act) on <strong>13 May 2015<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Hague basics<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Language:<\/strong> English, French or Spanish<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Designs per application:<\/strong> up to 100, if they belong to the same Locarno class<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Fees:<\/strong> paid to WIPO in Swiss francs (basic fee, publication fee and a fee for each designated party)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Publication:<\/strong> normally 12 months after the international registration date, unless immediate publication or deferment is requested<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An international registration is not automatically a right in every designated country. Each designated office examines the design under its own law and may notify a refusal within a fixed period. Where no refusal is issued, the design has the same effect as a national registration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Hague designation vs direct filing in Japan<\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Item<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Hague (designating Japan)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Direct filing at the JPO<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Where you file<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">WIPO (one application, many countries)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">JPO, through a Japanese patent attorney<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Language<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">English, French or Spanish<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Japanese<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Japanese attorney at filing<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Not required<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Required (no Japanese address)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Drawings<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">One set for all designated countries<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Prepared to Japanese practice<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Examination in Japan<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Yes (same substantive standards)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Yes<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>If refused<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Respond through a Japanese patent attorney<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Your Japanese attorney responds<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Maintenance<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Renewal of the international registration via WIPO (every 5 years)<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Annual fees paid to the JPO<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Advantages of designating Japan through Hague<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>One filing for many markets:<\/strong> if you also need Europe, Korea, the US or China, adding Japan to the same application is simple.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>No Japanese translation or attorney at filing:<\/strong> you can file in English without appointing a Japanese representative.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Central management:<\/strong> renewals and ownership changes are recorded at WIPO for all designated countries at once.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>No refusal, no local cost:<\/strong> if Japan does not refuse, protection is granted without a Japanese attorney being involved.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Disadvantages and risks<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#ffebee;border-color:#ef9a9a;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#ef5350;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Where Hague designations of Japan go wrong<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Japan examines substantively:<\/strong> novelty, creativity and formal clarity are all checked. Refusals are not unusual for Hague designations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Drawings not made for Japan:<\/strong> drawings prepared for another office may have too few views, inconsistent shapes between views, or unclear indications of a partial design \u2014 common causes of Japanese refusals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>The article must be clearly identified:<\/strong> Japan protects a design together with its article (or image, building or interior). A vague product indication can trigger a refusal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Unbudgeted response costs:<\/strong> once refused, you will need a Japanese patent attorney anyway, often under time pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Which route should you choose?<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Choose Hague<\/strong> when you are designating many countries, your drawings are clean and complete, and Japan is one market among several.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Choose direct filing<\/strong> when Japan is a key market, you want drawings and the article name optimized for Japanese examination from day one, or you plan Japan-specific strategies such as partial designs combined with related designs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Combine them:<\/strong> many applicants use Hague for most countries and file directly in their most important examining offices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How the JPO handles a Hague designation<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">An international registration designating Japan is treated as a design application filed with the JPO on the international registration date. It is examined by a Japanese design examiner under the same standards as a domestic application \u2014 no separate request for examination is needed.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Key Japanese deadlines<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Refusal period:<\/strong> Japan notifies any refusal within <strong>12 months<\/strong> of international publication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Priority documents:<\/strong> if not submitted with the international application, they must be filed with the JPO within 3 months of the international publication date.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Paris priority:<\/strong> 6 months from your first design filing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Responding to a Japanese refusal<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If the JPO refuses your designation, the notification is sent through WIPO and the response must be filed with the JPO in Japanese. Applicants without a domicile or business office in Japan must respond <strong>through a Japanese patent attorney<\/strong>. A representative recorded at WIPO cannot act before the JPO.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Typical responses include written arguments, amendments to clarify the drawings or the article, or, where appropriate, a partial abandonment. Because the response period is limited, contact a Japanese attorney as soon as the refusal arrives \u2014 preferably with your original drawings and any CAD data, which help us judge what can be clarified without adding new matter.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">How long until Japan decides? A simple timeline<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Because Japan&#8217;s 12-month refusal period runs from international publication, not from filing, the timing of publication matters:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Standard publication:<\/strong> about 12 months after the international registration date, followed by Japan&#8217;s refusal period of up to 12 months. In the worst case, you may not know Japan&#8217;s position until roughly two years after filing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Immediate publication:<\/strong> if you need certainty in Japan sooner \u2014 for example because a launch or enforcement is planned \u2014 requesting immediate publication starts the refusal period earlier.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Deferred publication:<\/strong> deferment of up to 30 months is available under the Hague System (some designated parties allow less). This keeps the design confidential longer but also delays protection in Japan.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">With a direct Japanese filing, the first action often arrives around 6\u201312 months after filing, which can be faster than the Hague route with standard publication.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Checklist before designating Japan<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">If you decide to use the Hague System, a little preparation greatly reduces the risk of a Japanese refusal:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Complete, consistent views:<\/strong> make sure all views show the same shape and that no surface of the design is left unclear.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>A specific product indication:<\/strong> describe the product concretely, in a way that tells the examiner what it is and how it is used.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Partial designs clearly marked:<\/strong> if you claim only part of the product, show the disclaimed portions consistently (for example in broken lines) and explain this in the description.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Priority documents:<\/strong> submit them with the international application, or diary the 3-month deadline after publication for filing them with the JPO.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Key products:<\/strong> for your most important products in Japan, consider a direct Japanese filing \u2014 or have a Japanese attorney review the drawings before the Hague filing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Cost planning<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">For a direct filing, the JPO charges JPY 16,000 per design at filing, and annual fees of JPY 8,500 per year for years 1\u20133 and JPY 16,900 per year for years 4\u201325 (only year 1 is required at registration).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">For a Hague designation, Japan&#8217;s individual designation fee is paid to WIPO in Swiss francs together with the other international fees. Amounts change from time to time and depend on the number of designs, so please check WIPO&#8217;s Hague Fee Calculator for the current figure rather than relying on older articles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Whichever route you choose, budget for at least one possible response in Japan. Attorney fees vary by case \u2014 we are happy to give a free quote, including for a refusal you have already received.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">FAQ<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Do we need a Japanese attorney to designate Japan in a Hague application?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Not at filing. You will need one if Japan issues a refusal, or for other procedures before the JPO.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. How long does Japan have to refuse our design?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. 12 months from the international publication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Is a Hague designation weaker than a direct Japanese registration?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. No. Once protection is granted, it has the same effect as a Japanese registration. The difference lies in how well the application is prepared for Japanese examination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. We received a Japanese refusal through WIPO. Can you help?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Yes. Send us the refusal and your drawings; we will explain the reasons in English or Chinese and propose a response.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Q. Can we pay in JPY?<\/strong><br \/>\nA. Yes. We accept bank transfer and PayPal (JPY). Every case is handled personally by a licensed Japanese patent attorney.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"st-mybox  has-title st-mybox-class\" style=\"background:#f1f8e9;border-color:#a5d6a7;border-width:2px;border-radius:5px;margin: 25px 0 25px 0;\"><p class=\"st-mybox-title\" style=\"color:#4caf50;font-weight:bold;text-shadow: #fff 3px 0px 0px, #fff 2.83487px 0.981584px 0px, #fff 2.35766px 1.85511px 0px, #fff 1.62091px 2.52441px 0px, #fff 0.705713px 2.91581px 0px, #fff -0.287171px 2.98622px 0px, #fff -1.24844px 2.72789px 0px, #fff -2.07227px 2.16926px 0px, #fff -2.66798px 1.37182px 0px, #fff -2.96998px 0.42336px 0px, #fff -2.94502px -0.571704px 0px, #fff -2.59586px -1.50383px 0px, #fff -1.96093px -2.27041px 0px, #fff -1.11013px -2.78704px 0px, #fff -0.137119px -2.99686px 0px, #fff 0.850987px -2.87677px 0px, #fff 1.74541px -2.43999px 0px, #fff 2.44769px -1.73459px 0px, #fff 2.88051px -0.838246px 0px;\"><i class=\"fa fa-check-circle st-css-no\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Key points<\/p><div class=\"st-in-mybox\">\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Japan has been a Hague member since 13 May 2015 and examines designations substantively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Hague suits multi-country filings; direct filing suits applicants for whom Japan is a key market.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Japan&#8217;s refusal period is 12 months from international publication.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Refusals must be answered through a Japanese patent attorney.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Check Japan&#8217;s individual fee on WIPO&#8217;s fee calculator; budget for a possible response.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"related-articles\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Related articles<\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-design-registration-cost\/\">How Much Does Design Registration Cost in Japan? Official JPO Fees for Foreign Applicants (2026)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/how-to-file-design-application-japan\/\">How to File a Design Application in Japan: Process, Drawings and Timeline for Foreign Applicants<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-partial-design-related-design\/\">Partial Designs and Related Designs in Japan: How to Protect Key Features and Variations<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/japan-patent-cost\/\">How Much Does a Japanese Patent Cost? Official JPO Fees for Foreign Applicants (2026)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f0f7ff; border: 2px solid #0066cc; padding: 20px; margin: 24px 0; border-radius: 6px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\"><strong>Planning to register your design in Japan?<\/strong><br \/>\nWhether you are choosing between Hague and direct filing or have already received a Japanese refusal, send us your drawings \u2014 we will reply with our advice and a free quote.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">BrandAgent Patent Office (Kyoto, Japan)<br \/>\nToru Kano, Japanese Patent Attorney<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"color: #0066cc; font-weight: bold;\" href=\"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-size: 120%;\">Free consultation \u2014 visit BrandAgent&#8217;s English site<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Designate Japan via the Hague System or file directly at the JPO? Pros and cons, Japanese examination, the 12-month refusal period and refusal responses.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-designs"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":262,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254\/revisions\/262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brandagent.jp\/en_blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}